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There are a number of basic network tools and utilities that are helpful in exposing, analyzing, and tracing spam messages and related materials. In these pages, I give some background info on these tools, tell where they can be obtained, and give examples of how they are used.
Here are the tools that I consider to be the most useful in working with spam:
| Find the IP address for a host name and vice-versa | host and nslookup |
| Find out whether a host is online | |
| Trace the network route to a host | traceroute |
| Find info about the "owner" of an IP address. | whois [ip] |
| Find info about the "owner" of a domain name. | whois [domain] |
| Get detailed DNS info for a domain or host | dig |
| Download web pages (and other files) safely from a website | curl |
| Finding a spammer's upstream providers | find upstreams |